Blog
Writing on governance, quorum and vote records
What the law asks of an assembly, and where real meetings go wrong.
- Legal risk
What makes a general meeting resolution valid?
A resolution holds when notice, agenda, quorum, voting rights and majority are all right. How ordinary and special resolutions are counted, with sources.
- Process
Minutes of a general meeting: what must be recorded
What must the minutes of a general meeting record? Attendance, quorum, exact motions, results, signatures and retention, plus a template to copy.
- Process
Voting rights in a housing co-op: one member, one vote or by share?
Voting rights in a housing co-op: one member, one vote or weighted by share, unit or area? Who sets the rule, and how weights change quorum and majorities.
- Legal risk
Share classes and voting rights: how they work
Share classes give shares different rights, including different votes. How classes differ, how to count the votes, and when a class must approve.
- Legal risk
Multiple voting rights: what they are and the limits
A multiple-vote share carries more than one vote. Where the law allows it, the caps in Sweden and Germany, and the EU directive due by December 2026.
- Compliance
Proxy voting at a general meeting: the rules to check
Proxy rules decide who may represent an absent member, in what form, by when and how many. What to check in the law and your bylaws before the meeting.
- Process
How many is a quorum at a general meeting?
A quorum is the minimum attendance a general meeting needs to decide. See where your number is set and work it out before the meeting.
- Process
What happens if a general meeting has no quorum?
No quorum? See what the meeting may still do, when to adjourn, and what notice a new meeting needs before it can decide.
- Legal risk
The €50,000 Meeting
A shareholder challenges the vote count at your AGM. What happens next, and what it costs, will surprise most governance teams
- Compliance
Show of Hands is Not a Vote
Most organisations don't know what "a vote" legally means. What a show of hands actually produces, and why it is not enough when the result is questioned.
- Process
The Anatomy of a Vote: eight steps from motion to record
A vote isn't a moment. It's a chain of eight steps, and the chain is only as strong as its weakest link. An interactive breakdown of every stage.
- Compliance
Proxy Voting: Europe's Most Ignored Compliance Risk
Proxy voting is where most assembly disputes begin. The requirements are specific; the informal practices most organisations use do not meet them.
- Data & privacy
Why Your Assembly Platform Needs EU Data Residency
When you run a digital assembly, you're processing personal data: shareholder names, identities, votes. Where that data lives matters legally.
- Process
The Quorum Problem
Quorum is the most commonly misunderstood requirement in governance. Getting it wrong doesn't just make a resolution voidable
Running an assembly soon?
The AGM Readiness Assessment tells you exactly where your governance process creates exposure.